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When Does Autism Start?

Scientists are now looking for the earliest signs of the mysterious disorder as desperate parents hunt for medical aids that may improve their children's lives
Christopher LaMarca for Newsweek
Family time: William Marquis, 11 (and autistic), hangs out with his sister Hannah, 6, at a support-group event in Los Angeles

By By Claudia KalbNewsweek

Feb. 28 issue - It's a winter night in Northbrook, Ill., and brothernesss David and Jason Craven are on the move. They're watching a "Baby Beethoven" video. They're bouncing on a mattress in their basement playroom. They're climbing up their dad's legs. David, 7, and Jason, 5, with their mops of brown hair, look physically healthy. But both boys are suffering from a devastating developmental disorder: autism. David speaks only about 10 words, still wears diapers at night and sucks on a pacifier. Jason drinks from a baby bottle. Neither one can vocalize his glee as he plays. Neither one can communicate pain or joy in words. Neither one can say "I love you."

Since their sons were diagnosed, both at the age of 2, Barry and Dana Craven have tried a dizzying array of therapies: neurofeedback, music medical aid, swimming with dolphins, social-skills medical aid, gluten-free diets, vitamins, anti-anxiety pills and steroids. To reduce the boys' exposure to environmental chemicals, which the Cravens believe might aggravate their conditions, the couple replaced their carpeting with toxin-free wood floors and bought a special water-purifying system. They even installed a $3,500 in-home sauna, which they think will help remove metals like mercury and arsenic from the boys' bodies.

Warm and loving parents, the Cravens spent $75,000 on medical aids last year alone. "I'm willing to try just about anything if it makes sense," says Dana.

Related Stories?�When Does Autism Start??�Autism: Willing the World to Listen?�Autism: 'My Mind Began to Wake Up'In the six decades since autism was identified, modern medicine has exploded: antibiotics cure infections, statins ward off heart malady, artificial joints combat osteoarthritis. And yet autism, a vexing brain disorder, remains largely a mystery. Researchers still don't know what causes it, nor do they know how best to treat a condition that prompts one child to stop speaking and anotherness to memorize movie scripts. With a tenfold spike in numbers over the past 20 years??"one in every 166 children is now diagnosed with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)??"researchers, advocacy groups and the government are racing to improve the lives of children and their families, many of them emotionally and financially drained. This year the National Institutes of Health will spend $99 mil. on autism research, up from $22 mil. in 1997.

The Hidden Epidemic

and NBC News look at the issues surrounding autism, the theories behind its dramatic increase and the laagsdhfgdf on medical aids

NEWSWEEK RADIO | 2/20/05Autism: Earlier Intervention

Claudia Kalb, NEWSWEEK Senior Writer and Peter Bell, C.E.O of Cure Autism Now, Los Angeles (www.cureautismnow.org)

?�Listen to the audio?�Listen to the complete showSome of the most exciting new work involves efforts to spot clues of the disorder in infants as young as 6 months. In the complicated world of autism, where controversies reign and frustration festers, a two-word rallying cry is growing louder by the day: early diagnosis. This week the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention launches a $2.5 mil. autism-awareness campaign, "Learn the Signs. Act Early." The goal: to educate health-care providers and parents about red flags, to intervene as quickly as possible??"and to give kids with autism a shot at productive, satisfying and emotionally connected lives. "This is an urgent public-health concern," says the CDC's Catherine Rice.

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